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<div class="HwContainer HwElement" id="HwContainer"><a class="HwMainSkipNavigation" href="#HwContentTitle"><span class="HwAccessibilityText">Skip Navigation</span></a><div class="HwBlock" id="HwMain" role="main"><div class="HwRow"><div class="HwColumn" id="HwColumnSidebar1"><div class="HwCustom" id="HwCustomSidebar"> </div></div><div class="HwColumn" id="HwColumnContent"><div id="HwContentTop"> </div><div class="HwTypeMedicalTest HwContentWrapper HwElement" role="article" id="HwContentWrapper"><div class="HwCustom" id="HwCustomContentTop"> </div><div class="HwContentHeader"><p><a name="top" id="Hwtop"><span class="HwAccessibilityText">Top of the page</span></a> </p></div><div class="HwContentTitle"><h1 id="HwContentTitle" tabindex="-1">Karyotype Test</h1></div><div class="HwContentTopNavigation"> </div><div class="HwContent"><div class="HwNavigationSection HwSectionSpecialSection" id="sec-hw6395"><h2 class="HwSectionTitle" fingerprint="d4032d6d" fingerprint-exact="4fcae40e">Test Overview</h2> <p fingerprint="cde229e6" fingerprint-exact="66e7d2c7">Karyotype is a test to identify and evaluate the size, shape, and number of <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="stc123678" data-hw-section="stc123678-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="stc123678" data-hwid="stc123678" hw:section-href="stc123678-sec" href="?id=stc123678#stc123678-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">chromosomes</span></a> in a sample of body cells. Extra or missing chromosomes, or abnormal positions of chromosome pieces, can cause problems with a person's growth, development, and body functions.</p> </div><div class="HwNavigationSection HwSectionSpecialSection" id="sec-hw6402"><h2 class="HwSectionTitle" fingerprint="3d5095ef" fingerprint-exact="55cd7304">Why It Is Done</h2> <p fingerprint="b14911e5" fingerprint-exact="a896c25a"> <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="stc17210" data-hw-section="stc17210-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="stc17210" data-hwid="stc17210" hw:section-href="stc17210-sec" href="?id=stc17210#stc17210-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">Karyotyping</span></a> is done to:</p> <ul fingerprint="2b61d4a0" fingerprint-exact="a6589c01"> <li>Find out whether the chromosomes of an adult have a change that can be passed on to a child.</li> <li>Find out whether a chromosome defect is preventing a woman from becoming pregnant or is causing <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="stm159510" data-hw-section="stm159510-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="stm159510" data-hwid="stm159510" hw:section-href="stm159510-sec" href="?id=stm159510#stm159510-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">miscarriages</span></a>.</li> <li>Find out whether a chromosome defect is present in a <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="stf124121" data-hw-section="stf124121-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="stf124121" data-hwid="stf124121" hw:section-href="stf124121-sec" href="?id=stf124121#stf124121-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">fetus</span></a>. Karyotyping also may be done to find out whether chromosomal problems may have caused a fetus to be stillborn.</li> <li>Find out the cause of a baby's birth defects or disability.</li> <li>Help determine the appropriate treatment for some types of cancer.</li> <li>Identify the sex of a person by checking for the presence of the Y chromosome. This may be done when a newborn's sex is not clear.</li> </ul> </div><div class="HwNavigationSection HwSectionSpecialSection" id="sec-hw6408"><h2 class="HwSectionTitle" fingerprint="026e985e" fingerprint-exact="df1d0bbc">How To Prepare</h2> <p fingerprint="a82c5dcc" fingerprint-exact="12db0a0f">You do not need to do anything before you have this test. </p> <p fingerprint="58a0b10c" fingerprint-exact="83eff44c">Since the information obtained from karyotyping can have a profound impact on your life, you may want to see a doctor who specializes in genetics (geneticist) or a <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="tv7694" data-hw-section="tv7694-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="tv7694" data-hwid="tv7694" hw:section-href="tv7694-sec" href="?id=tv7694#tv7694-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">genetic counselor</span></a>. This type of counselor is trained to help you understand what karyotype test results mean for you, such as your risk for having a child with an inherited (genetic) condition like <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="std120885" data-hw-section="std120885-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="std120885" data-hwid="std120885" hw:section-href="std120885-sec" href="?id=std120885#std120885-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">Down syndrome</span></a>. A genetic counselor can help you make well-informed decisions. Ask to have <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="stg124300" data-hw-section="stg124300-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="stg124300" data-hwid="stg124300" hw:section-href="stg124300-sec" href="?id=stg124300#stg124300-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">genetic counseling</span></a> before making a decision about a karyotype test. </p> </div><div class="HwNavigationSection HwSectionSpecialSection" id="sec-hw6410"><h2 class="HwSectionTitle" fingerprint="e59ce77f" fingerprint-exact="42dd83e2">How It Is Done</h2> <p fingerprint="f45c1f4b" fingerprint-exact="b5d67da3">Karyotype testing can be done using almost any cell or tissue from the body. A karyotype test usually is done on a blood sample taken from a vein. For testing during pregnancy, it may also be done on a sample of <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="sta123155" data-hw-section="sta123155-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="sta123155" data-hwid="sta123155" hw:section-href="sta123155-sec" href="?id=sta123155#sta123155-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">amniotic fluid</span></a> or the <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="stp1633" data-hw-section="stp1633-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="stp1633" data-hwid="stp1633" hw:section-href="stp1633-sec" href="?id=stp1633#stp1633-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">placenta</span></a>. </p> <h3 class="HwSubSectionTitle" fingerprint="b0bedc1a" fingerprint-exact="9c280abd">Blood sample from a vein</h3> <p fingerprint="bca56b1a" fingerprint-exact="7c629469">A health professional uses a needle to take a blood sample, usually from an arm.</p> <h3 class="HwSubSectionTitle" fingerprint="1f13d069" fingerprint-exact="b74a8af0">Cell sample from a fetus</h3> <p fingerprint="ad6c0367" fingerprint-exact="a70f34d7">For this type of test, cells are collected from the fetus using <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="sta123164" data-hw-section="sta123164-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="sta123164" data-hwid="sta123164" hw:section-href="sta123164-sec" href="?id=sta123164#sta123164-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">amniocentesis</span></a> or <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="stc123679" data-hw-section="stc123679-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="stc123679" data-hwid="stc123679" hw:section-href="stc123679-sec" href="?id=stc123679#stc123679-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">chorionic villus sampling</span></a>. </p> <h3 class="HwSubSectionTitle" fingerprint="da05f246" fingerprint-exact="80a653f3">Cell sample from bone marrow</h3> <p fingerprint="af4d85e5" fingerprint-exact="daf6c37d"> <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="tv8213" data-hw-section="tv8213-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="tv8213" data-hwid="tv8213" hw:section-href="tv8213-sec" href="?id=tv8213#tv8213-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">Bone marrow aspiration</span></a> may be used for a karyotype test. </p> <h3 class="HwSubSectionTitle" fingerprint="ffd3beac" fingerprint-exact="500b4a26">Watch</h3> <div class="HwOptionalAll"> <div class="hwMediaLinks"> <ul fingerprint="2a924914" fingerprint-exact="939aff65"> <li class="HwOptionalAny"> <a class="HwLinkMultiMedia" data-hw-type="MultiMedia" data-hw-document-href="acj1944" data-hw-section="acj1944-sec" rel="MultiMedia" hw:document-type="MultiMedia" hw:document-href="acj1944" data-hwid="acj1944" hw:section-href="acj1944-sec" hw:link-type="video" href="?id=acj1944#acj1944-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">Learning About Your Blood Test</span><br><img class="HwMediaImage" data-hw-resource-path="media/thumbnails/acj1944_416x312.jpg" hw:resource-path="media/thumbnails/acj1944_416x312.jpg" src="https://ixbapi.healthwise.net/Resource/14.3/en-us/media/thumbnails/acj1944_416x312.jpg" width="416" height="312" alt hw:release-quarter="14.3"></a> </li> <li class="HwOptionalAny"> <a class="HwLinkMultiMedia" data-hw-type="MultiMedia" data-hw-document-href="aci5157" data-hw-section="aci5157-sec" rel="MultiMedia" hw:document-type="MultiMedia" hw:document-href="aci5157" data-hwid="aci5157" hw:section-href="aci5157-sec" hw:link-type="video" href="?id=aci5157#aci5157-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">Learning About Blood Tests for Children</span><br><img class="HwMediaImage" data-hw-resource-path="media/thumbnails/aci5157_416x312.jpg" hw:resource-path="media/thumbnails/aci5157_416x312.jpg" src="https://ixbapi.healthwise.net/Resource/14.3/en-us/media/thumbnails/aci5157_416x312.jpg" width="416" height="312" alt hw:release-quarter="14.3"></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div><div class="HwNavigationSection HwSectionSpecialSection" id="sec-hw6415"><h2 class="HwSectionTitle" fingerprint="2dd5db50" fingerprint-exact="deba34d5">How It Feels</h2> <p fingerprint="3a293b0d" fingerprint-exact="6effefb5">Karyotype testing is usually done using a blood sample from a vein. You may feel nothing at all from the needle, or you may feel a quick sting or pinch.</p> </div><div class="HwNavigationSection HwSectionSpecialSection" id="sec-hw6417"><h2 class="HwSectionTitle" fingerprint="a566bce5" fingerprint-exact="1aacb8d8">Risks</h2> <h3 class="HwSubSectionTitle" fingerprint="b0bedc1a" fingerprint-exact="9c280abd">Blood sample from a vein</h3> <p fingerprint="1d7bf644" fingerprint-exact="4892256d">There is very little chance of having a problem from this test. A small bruise may form at the site.</p> </div><div class="HwNavigationSection HwSectionSpecialSection" id="sec-hw6421"><h2 class="HwSectionTitle" fingerprint="9413e669" fingerprint-exact="9fa3e414">Results</h2> <p fingerprint="0fc7bc79" fingerprint-exact="cc2698db">Karyotype is a test to identify and evaluate the size, shape, and number of <a class="HwLinkDefinition" data-hw-type="Definition" data-hw-document-href="stc123678" data-hw-section="stc123678-sec" rel="Definition" hw:document-type="Definition" hw:document-href="stc123678" data-hwid="stc123678" hw:section-href="stc123678-sec" href="?id=stc123678#stc123678-sec"><span class="HwLinkText">chromosomes</span></a> in a sample of body cells.</p> <p fingerprint="20ca28ab" fingerprint-exact="a72bc598">Results of a karyotype test are usually available within 1 to 2 weeks.</p> <table class="hw-table-border" fingerprint="a3c64db4" fingerprint-exact="dea71436"> <caption>Karyotype</caption> <colgroup> <col> <col> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <th class="hw-align-text-left hw-align-text-top" scope="row"> <p> Normal:</p> </th> <td class="hw-align-text-left hw-align-text-top"> <ul> <li>There are 46 chromosomes that can be grouped as 22 matching pairs and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XX for a female and XY for a male).</li> <li>The size, shape, and structure are normal for each chromosome.</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="hw-align-text-left hw-align-text-top" scope="row"> <p> Abnormal:</p> </th> <td class="hw-align-text-left hw-align-text-top"> <ul> <li>There are more than or fewer than 46 chromosomes.</li> <li>The shape or size of one or more chromosomes is abnormal.</li> <li>A chromosome pair may be broken or incorrectly separated.</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div><div class="HwNavigationSection HwSectionRelatedInformation" id="sec-hw6392-RelInfo"><h2 class="HwSectionTitle" fingerprint="d5f858e0" fingerprint-exact="c0ffe04b">Related Information</h2><ul fingerprint="61f5e6cf" fingerprint-exact="cea93dcc"><li class="HwOptionalAny"><a data-hw-type="MedicalTest" data-hw-document-href="hw1810" data-hw-section="hw1813" hw:document-type="MedicalTest" hw:document-href="hw1810" data-hwid="hw1810" hw:section-href="hw1813" href="?id=hw1810#hw1813">Amniocentesis</a></li><li class="HwOptionalAny"><a data-hw-type="MedicalTest" data-hw-document-href="hw200221" data-hw-section="hw200224" hw:document-type="MedicalTest" hw:document-href="hw200221" data-hwid="hw200221" hw:section-href="hw200224" href="?id=hw200221#hw200224">Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy</a></li><li class="HwOptionalAny"><a data-hw-type="MedicalTest" data-hw-document-href="hw4104" data-hw-section="hw4107" hw:document-type="MedicalTest" hw:document-href="hw4104" data-hwid="hw4104" hw:section-href="hw4107" href="?id=hw4104#hw4107">Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)</a></li><li class="HwOptionalAny"><a data-hw-type="Focus" data-hw-document-href="zm2257" data-hw-section="zm2257-sec" hw:document-type="Focus" hw:document-href="zm2257" data-hwid="zm2257" hw:section-href="zm2257-sec" href="?id=zm2257#zm2257-sec">Medical Tests: Questions to Ask the Doctor</a></li></ul></div><div class="HwNavigationSection HwCreditsSection HwSectionCredits" id="sec-hw6392-Credits"><h2 class="HwSectionTitle">Credits</h2><div class="HwContentInformation"><div class="HwLastUpdated"><p><span class="HwInfoLabel">Current as of: </span> April 30, 2024</p></div><div class="HwCredits"><p><span class="HwInfoLabel">Author: </span><a class="HwLinkExternal" href="https://www.healthwise.org/specialpages/legal/abouthw/en" title="Opens in a new window"><span class="HwLinkText">Ignite Healthwise, LLC Staff</span></a><br><span><b><a class="HwLinkExternal" href="https://www.healthwise.org/specialpages/legal/abouthw/en" title="Opens in a new window"><span class="HwLinkText">Clinical Review Board</span></a></b></span><br>All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="HwCustom" id="HwCustomContentBottom"> </div><div class="HwContentNavigation"><div class="HwSectionNavItem" style="display:block" id="secNav-hw6395"><div class="HwContentNavigationNone"> </div><div class="HwContentNavigationTop"><a href="#top">Top of the page</a></div><div class="HwContentNavigationNext"><p>Next Section: </p><a class="HwLinkNavstack" data-hw-type="MedicalTest" data-hw-document-href="hw6392" data-hw-section="hw6402" id="nextLink-hw6402" hw:document-type="MedicalTest" hw:document-href="hw6392" data-hwid="hw6392" hw:section-href="hw6402" href="?id=hw6392#hw6402">Why It Is Done</a><span class="HwNavLinkArrow" aria-hidden="true"> »</span></div><div class="HwClear"> </div></div><div class="HwSectionNavItem" style="display:none" id="secNav-hw6402"><div class="HwContentNavigationPrev"><p>Previous Section: </p><span class="HwNavLinkArrow" aria-hidden="true">« </span><a class="HwLinkNavstack" 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